2 Stage Geometric Chuck by Ibbetson

A Geometric Chuck (sometimes called an Epicycloidal Chuck) is used for cutting patterns made up of rolling centres.

Geometric Chuck
Image courtesy of Skinner, Inc. www.skinnerinc.com

This is a YouTube video from Chuck Bommarito (aka, outsidescrewball) showing a Leinhard Rose Geometric Chuck in use. The video is a bit long, but does show the chuck well, as well as a piece made on it.

This video shows an Ibbetson Geometric Chuck on a Holtzapffel rose engine lathe.

Epicyclic Motion

Basically, it is achieved by rolling one object around another, forming a composite of two perfectly circular motions (see also the graphic below of a planet in epicyclic motion).

That pictures shows one stage, now imagine that multiple 2, 3, or even 5 times.

The geometric mathematics behind this chuck's movement are explained by Dr. Frank Farris in his 1996 paper, "Wheels on Wheels on Wheels-Surprising Symmetry". There is also a nice article on this at Wolfram MathWorld.

• This chuck is so complicated that John Jacob Holtzapffel never got around to putting it into his last published work, Turning and Mechanical Manipulation, vol. 5 - The Principles and Practice of Ornamental or Complex Turning (1884).


• The details are difficult for me to explain, and are far better explained by John Edwards' document. John captured this and more in what he calls the "Holtzapffel Volume 6", which you can get from the The Society of Ornamental Turners.


• John Holt Ibbetson's manual from 1884, Specimens in Eccentric Circular Turning with Practical Instructions for Producing Corresponding Pieces in the Art is often cited by users of this device.


• There is also an article about one in the "English Mechanic and Mirror of Science", Vol VII, No. 171 (03 July 1868).


• And Thomas Bazley published a book, Index to the Geometric Chuck about this chuck. The Bazely book also has some nice pictures showing what can be produced on such an apparatus.